HIP BONE Coxal Bone / Innominate Bone
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• The muscles of
the dorsum of the foot are a group of two muscles, which together
represent the dorsal foot musculature.They are
named extensor digitorum brevis and extensor
hallucis brevis.
• muscles
lie within a flat fascia on the dorsum of the foot (fascia dorsalis pedis) and
are innervated by the deep fibular or peroneal nerve.
• Extensor
digitorum brevis
• Origins:
Superolateral surface of calcaneus bone
• Insertions:
Middle phalanges of toes 2-4
• Innervation:
Deep fibular/peroneal nerve (S1, S2)
• Function:
Distal interphalangeal joints 2-4: Toe extension
• Extensor
hallucis brevis
• Origins:
Superolateral surface of calcaneus bone
• Insertions:
Proximal phalanx of great toe
• Innervation:
Deep fibular/peroneal nerve (S1, S2)
• Function:
Metatarsophalangeal joint 1: Toe extension
• Origin:
It is the direct continuation of the anterior tibial artery.
• Course:
It begins midway between the 2 malleoli (at the ankle joint) superficial in
position and is crossed by the inferior extensor retinaculum and the first
tendon of extensor digitorum brevis.
• Relations:
• On
its lateral side lie the terminal part of the deep peroneal nerve and the
extensor digitorum longus tendons.
• On the medial side lies the tendon of extensor
hallucis longus. Its pulsations can easily be felt.
• Termination
by passing downward into the sole between the two heads of the first dorsal
interosseous muscle, where it joins the lateral plantar artery and completes
the plantar arch
• The deep
peroneal nerve (deep fibular nerve) begins at the bifurcation
of the common
peroneal nerve between
the fibula and
upper part of the peroneus longus, passes
infero-medially, deep to extensor digitorum longus, to
the anterior surface of the interosseous membrane, and
comes into relation with the anterior tibial artery above
the middle of the leg; it then descends with the artery to the front of
the ankle-joint,
where it divides into a lateral and
a medial
terminal branch.
• Lateral
terminal branch - This nerve passes across the tarsus, beneath
the extensor
digitorum brevis, and
supplies the extensor digitorum brevis. This
nerve ends in a pseudoganglion deep to the extensor digitorum brevis. From
the pseudoganglion, three minute branches are given off to supply the tarsal joints
and the metatarsophalangeal joints
of the second, third, and fourth toes.
DORSAL FASCIA OF FOOT
• It
is the continuation of the deep fascia of the leg (crural fascia).
• Apart
from the muscles of the dorsum of the foot, it incloses
the tendons of the anterior
muscles of the leg,
dorsalis pedis vessels (continuation of the anterior tibial
artery) and branches of the deep peroneal nerve. In contrast the dorsal
venous network (rete venosum dorsale pedis) lies above the fascia and is easily
visible due to the relatively thin and low-fat skin.
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