HIP BONE Coxal Bone / Innominate Bone
HIP BONE Coxal Bone / Innominate Bone
FEATURES
• The hip
bone is a large flat bone, constricted in the center and
expanded above and below. In some vertebrates (including humans before puberty)
• It
is composed of three parts: the ilium, ischium, and the pubis
• At
birth, these three components are separated by hyaline cartilage.
• The
three separate bones are join by cartilage at the acetabulum
• At
puberty, these three bones are join together to form one large , irregular bone
• Hip
bone articulate with the sacrum at the sacroilliac joints and form the
anteriolateral wall of the pelvis
• It
form pelvic gardle
• It
is homologous with scapula
• During
development they are seperated from each other by the triradiate cartilage
• Pubic
tubercle provide attachment for inguinal ligament and adductor longus
• Hole
in the hip bone is the obturator foraman
ACETABULUM
• It
is the socket of hip bone into which the head of femur fits
• It
articulate with the head of femur
• Y-shape
epiphyseal cartilage
• Start
to ossify at 12 years
• Fuse
16 to 17 years
• HIP
bone consist of three parts
- Upper
2/5 of the ilium
- Lower
and posterior 2/5 for the ischium
- Lower
and anterior 1/5 for the pubis
• ILLIUM
• ilium
is separated into upper and lower parts by a ridge on the medial surface
• It
is expended fan shape bony plate
• Anteriorly,
the ridge separating the upper and lower parts of the ilium is rounded and termed
the arcuate line
• Posteriorly,
the ridge is sharp and lies immediately superior to the surface of the bone
that articulates with the sacrum
• It
form the dorsolateral part of pelvis
• It
has two end: upper and lower end
• UPPER
END: curved and thickened border is termed as illiac crest. It is
concavoconvax. It is convax 2/3 ventrally and concave 1/3 dorsally.
• Illiac
crest has 2 ends :anterior superior illiac spine and posterior superior illiac
spine
• Anterior
superior illiac spine give attachment to the lateral end of inguinal ligament
and sartorius muscle
• Posterior
superior illiac spine provide attachment to the sacro-tuberous ligament
• Illiac
crest has vental outer,intermediate and inner lip
• Outer
lip is approximately 5cm around the anterior superior illiac spine there is
tubercle is the illiac tubercle
• Outside
to inside Attachments of fasia lata and illio-tibial tract. Tensor fasia lata
is infront of tubercle of illiac crest
• Medially:
external oblique abdominis muscle. Internal oblique abdominis muscle
• Outer
lip provide attacment to the lattismus dorsi
• Inner
lip provide transverse abdominis muscle and posterior 1/3 quadratus lumborum
• Illiac
crest dorsal part divided by a ridge into outer and inner slopes
• Outer
slope provide attachment to gluteus maximus muscle
• Inner
slope provide attachment to erector spinae muscle
• It
has three borders: anterior, posterior and medial border
• ANTERIOR:Extend
from anterior superior illiac spine to acetabulum
• Anterior
superior illiac spine provide attachment to the ilio-femoral ligament and it
attached intertrochentric line of femur is known as ligament of bigelow
• POSTERIOR:
it is continous with posterior border of ischium. It form a notch greater
sciatic notch, below this notch is ischial spine, lesser sciatic notch
• MEDIAL:runs
downward, forward medially. Below is rough area is illio-pubic eminence
• Anteriomedially
illiac fossa.Large concave area situated infront of medial border.It form the
lateral wall of false pelvis. Provide attacment to illiac muscle
• Posteriormedially
is sacropelvic surface.It has 3 parts illiac tuberosity,(illiolumbar ligament,
dorsosacral ligament and interossous sacro-illiac ligament) articular surface
and pelvic surface. It has a sulcus is preauricular sulcus and attachment of
ventral sacroilliac ligament
• Laterally
is gluteal surface(4 areas by 3 lines posterior, anterior and inferior)
ISCHIUM
• It
is posterioinferior part of hip bone and adjoining 2/5 of acetabulum
• It
form posterior boundary of obturator foraman
• It
has 2 ends (upper and lower)
• It
has 3 borders (anterior, posterior and lateral)
• It
has 3 surfaces(femoral, dorsal and pelvic)
• ENDS
• Upper
end: ischium, ilium and pubis fuse with each other in the acetabulum
• Lower
end: form ischial tuberosity and give ramus of pubis
• BORDERS
• Anterior:
form posterior margin of obturatur foramen
• Posterior:
form the lower border of greater notch. Below the notch posterior margin shows
a projection called ischial spine,then below form greater sciatic notch
• SURFACES:
• Femoral:
lies between the ant and posterior border. Attachment of obturator externus and
quadratus femoris
• Dorsal:
continous above the dorsal border of illium. It has a wide shallow groove and
upper part of ischial tuberosity. Attacment pisiformis and obturator internus
• Ischial
tuberosity is divided by transverse, oblique and longitudinal ridge. Attacment
semitendinous, long head of bicep femoris, adductor magnus, sacrotuberus
ligament, ischiofemoral ligament
• Pelvic:
form a lateral wall of true pelvis. Attachment obturator internus, ischioanal
fossa
• ISCHIOPUBIC
RAMI
• It
is consist of following 2 structues
• the pubis,the inferior pubic ramus
• the ischium, the inferior ramus of the ischium
• It
has 2 border(upper and lower)
• It
has 2 surfaces (outer and inner)
• Attachment
obturator membrane, fasia lata, colle’s fascia
• PUBIS
• Anterioinferior
part of hip bone and anterior 1/5 of acetabulum
• It
has body anteriorly
• Superior
ramus superiolaterally
• Inferior
ramus inferiolaterally
• BODY
• It
has a superior border form pubic crest
• Pubic
tubercle at the lateral border of pubic crest. Attachment cremaster muscle and
in males spermatic cord
• 3
surfaces(anterior, posterior and medial)
• ANTERIOR:
directed downward forward and laterally
and rough superio medially. Attachment pubic ligament, adductor longus,
gracilis, adductor bravis
• POSTERIOR:
is smooth . Directed downward and backward. Related to urinary bladder.
Attachment levator ani, obturator internus, puboprostatic ligament
• MEDIAL:
Articulate with opposite pubis to form the pubis symphysis
• Superior
ramus
• 3
border (superior, anterior and inferior)
• Superior:
called as pectineal line or pectin pubis. Sharp crest extending from behind the
pubic tubercle to the posterior part of iliopubic eminence. Pubic crest form
pubic part of arcuate line. Attachment conjoint tendon, lacunar ligament,
pectinate ligament,
• Anterior:
called as obturator crest. Extend from pubic tubercle to the acetabular notch
• Inferior:
sharp, form upper margin of obturator foramen
• It
has 3 surfaces (pectineal, pelvic and obturator)
• Pectineal:
triangular area between anterior and superior border. Extend from pubic
tubercle to the iliopubic eminence. Attachment pectineus
• Pelvis:
lies between superior and inferior. Smooth. Continous with the pelvic surface
of the body of pubis. Attachment round ligament of uterus of femur
• Obturator:
lies between the anterior and inferior border. Present the obturator groove
• INFERIOR
RAMUS
• Extend
from the body of pubis to the ramus of the ischium, medial to the obturator
foramen
• It
unite with the ramus of ischium to form the conjoined ischiopubic rami
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